Performance comparisons of AODV, secure AODV and adaptive secure AODV routing protocols in free attack simulation environment.

There have been various secure routing protocols proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. Most of these protocols are analyzed by three standard techniques: simulation, security analysis and real network testbed. In this paper, Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocols was selected as the basis of the entire simulations. Due to the needs of securing the routing in the wireless ad hoc networks, Secure AODV (SAODV) was developed to add security to original AODV which includes cryptographic operations that can have a significant impact on the routing performance. To get better performance while maintaining the secure routing, Adaptive SAODV (A-SAODV) was developed based on the SAODV implementation, which was claimed to introduce some improvement on the routing compared to the SAODV. Based on this justification, some analysis and studies are made on the performance and impacts using AODV, Secure AODV (SAODV) and Adaptive Secure AODV (A-SAODV) in a free-attack simulation environment to analyze these routing protocols and make some comparisons on the performance. The collection of simulation results will show the performance impact of security implementation into the original AODV after the implementations of SAODV and A-SAODV into the networks

OPTICAL SWITCHING CONTROLLER USING FPGA AS A CONTROLLER FOR OCDMA ENCODER SYSTEM

This paper proposed a design of optical switching controller using FPGA for OCDMA encoder system. The encoder is one of the new technologies that use to transmit the coded data in the optical communication system by using FPGA and optical switches. It is providing a high security for data transmission due to all data will be transmitting in binary code form. The output si gnals from FPGA are coded with a binary code that given to an optical switch before it signal modulate with the carrier and transmit to the receiver. In this paper, AA and 55 data were used for source 1 and source 2. It is generated sample data and sent packet dat a to the FPGA and stored it into RAM. The simulation results have done by using software Verilog Spartan 2 programming to simulate. After that the output will produces at waveform to display the output. The main function of FPGA controlling unit is producing sing le pulse and configuring optical switching system

Sejarah Ahl Al-Bayt Hadhrami di Pahang: salasilah dan sumbangan

Diaspora orang Arab telah bertebaran ke seberang laut dari pusat asal mereka di Timur Tengah dan telah bertapak di pelbagai pelusuk dunia Islam Sebahagian mereka berpindah dari Hadramaut yang mana sekelompok kecilnya adalah dari keturunan Nabi Muhammad SAW dari jalur Sayyidina Husain yang digelar sebagai Ahl al- Bayt Hadhrami. Mereka mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dalam pengislaman rantau Alam Melayu. Khususnya di negeri Pahang, golongan Ahl al-Bayt Hadhrami memainkan peranan penting bersama masyarakat setempat. Justeru itu artikel ini memfokuskan mengenai asal usul dan sejarah kedatangan kabilah Ahl al-Bayt Hadhrami ke negeri Pahang dan sumbangan mereka kepada masyarakat setempat sama ada dalam bidang dakwah dan pendidikan Islam, perniagaan dan politik setempat. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pendekatan kualitatif digunakan melalui kaedah kepustakaan yang berasaskan analisis literatur dan kaedah lapangan yang berasaskan metode temubual. Pengkaji telah merujuk koleksi catatan peribadi tentang kabilah Ahl al-Bayt Hadhrami di negeri Pahang di samping menemubual dua orang penjaga nasab Ahl al-Bayt Hadhrami di negeri Pahang dan Terengganu. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kabilah Ahl al-Bayt Hadhrami yang datang ke negeri Pahang pada peringkat awal adalah dari jalur Sayyid Ahmad b. ‘Isa al-Muhajir (873M–956M) yang terdiri daripada enam kabilah utama, iaitu al- Yahya (Ben Yahya), al-Habsyi, al-Kherid, al-Hindhuan, al-Attas dan al-Haddad. Mereka telah memberi sumbangan yang besar kepada masyarakat setempat di negeri Pahang. Dalam perniagaan, selain daripada memenuhi keperluan kehidupan, mereka turut mengembangkan ekonomi setempat negeri Pahang. Penglibatan mereka dalam politik pula adalah untuk menjayakan strategi dakwah Islam kepada masyarakat. Manakala penyertaan mereka dalam bidang dakwah serta Pendidikan Islam adalah untuk meneruskan legasi Rasulullah SAW. Sehingga ke hari ini, keluarga Ahl al-Bayt Hadhrami terus berkembang dan berasimilasi dengan masyarakat tempatan

Evaluation of energy efficiency for Residential New Construction (RNC) single storey terrace house

The impermanence changing of the climates that cause many natural disasters these days has raised the attention of us about the importance of greening towards our planet. The building sector has been verified as the major part of the global solutions. Hence, Green Rating Tools are recommended internationally to guide the developers and public in designing and developing green buildings in order to reduce the negative impact towards human health and environment due to increasing use of natural resources. The research on energy efficiency of Residential New Construction (RNC) was successfully done and analyzed by using the DIALux software and light illumination calculations

TUNING PROCESS OF SINGLE INPUT FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER BASED ON LINEAR CONTROL SURFACE APPROXIMATION METHOD FOR DEPTH CONTROL OF UNDERWATER REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE

This study investigates the linear approximation or piecewise linear approximation control surface method for tuning variable parameter of Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller (SIFLC) for depth control of the underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). This method will focus on slope of a linear equation to give optimum performances of depth control without overshoot in system response and faster rise time and settling time. The variable parameter for signed distance method in SIFLC tuning by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The optimum parameter will be obtained and approximately no more variable parameter can be tuned because the PSO algorithm will yield optimum parameter. This linear control surface approximation method represents an inference engine of fuzzy logic. The investigation also done based on slope of linear equation either in positive and negative values and come up from conventional FLC that will simplify into SIFLC. The results obtained the slope of linear equation will be affecting the results of system performances

METAL LINE DETECTION: A NEW SENSORY SYSTEM FOR LINE FOLLOWING MOBILE ROBOT

This paper presents a new type of line following robot that uses metal sensor to detect metal line and maneuver around based on that line. The paper focused on developing the hardware model of automated guide vehicle (AGV) system and integrating it with metal detection sensor. The system performance is measured in a straight line movement and when the robot turns at specific degrees.The metal line following robot can be used to move objects in daily life operation, warehouse operations or manufacturing facility to any desired location automatically. A metal line with certain length can be placed on the desired floor to indicate the path that the robot requires to move. Based on the experimental studies, it showed that the mobile robot can maneuver and track the metal line that is attached on the floor by utilizing three inductive proximity sensor located in front of the robot. This sensory system can be used as alternative sensor instead of using line following sensor which normally based on the infrared proximity detector. The line following robot that operates based on the metal line capable to overcome the problem of different light intensity reflection

Design and Development of Low Cost Certified Green Building for Non Residential Existing Building (NREB)

The Green Building Index (GBI) is one of rating tool which are provides a prospect for building developers and owners for designing and constructing a green and sustainable buildings. The proposed low cost GBI buildings provide many advantages such as energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, and better connectivity to public transport. Besides, adoption of recycling and greenery for the projects and can reduce the impact on the environment. However, the implementation to certify as Green Building Index has a lot of concerns such as cost constraint, know how constraints and etc. Therefore, in this paper, the design and development of low cost certified green building by fulfilling the Green Building Index (GBI) is proposed in order to ease the development of green building to have better life for human and environment in this world in term of energy efficiency performances

Graphical user interface for wireless patient monitoring system using zigbee communication

Nowadays, heart related diseases are on the rise situation. In Malaysia, the proportion of patients is increasing day by day but the number of doctor and nurse slightly different situation. For this reason, the new propose graphical user interface for wireless patient monitoring system is proposed in order to help doctors and nurses to monitor their patient wirelessly for 24 hours by using a designated proposed device. This system runs as prototype to minimize the costing issue in the hospital. This system consists of software and hardware. Visual Basic Net 2010 software is used to design the graphical user interface (GUI) and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 16F877A microcontroller is used as the hardware to implement the whole proposed system. This system is can be divided into three parts. There are three stages that involved in completing the system. The first is developing a program for the microcontroller, the second is transmitting the data from microcontroller to the personal computer (PC) using XBee module and the third is designing the GUI. In conclusion, the proposed GUI for wireless patient monitoring system facilitated the doctor and nurse in monitoring the patient and increased the efficiency of patient monitoring. For the future recommendation

Effects of Multiple Combination Weightage using MOPSO for Motion Control Gantry Crane System

This paper presents the implementation of Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization in controlling motion control of Gantry Crane System. Three objective functions are considered to be optimized, named (i) steady state error, (ii) overshoot, and (iii) settling time. Six cases with different setting of weight summation are analyzed in order to obtain five parameters (PID and PD) controller. A combination of PID and PD controller is observed and utilized for controlling trolley movement to desired position and reduced the payload oscillation concurrently. Various cases of weight summation values will affect to the controller parameters and system responses. The performances of the system is conducted and presented within Matlab environment

Bit Communication in Artificial Swarm

Bit communication in swarm agents is a communication process of transmitting data within specific area. The data must be delivered to all agents in the area which this process also closely related to broadcasting manner through bit-communication as a way to spread out the data among all those agents. This research field is supposed to have a deep study of behavior of homogeneous agents by inspecting the reversing and non-reversing approach. It also included the investigation of the independent and characteristic of transmitting and receiving data for random process of swarm. In this paper, swarm technique is implemented which is useful for bit-communication behavior. There are two approaches are used for transmitting and receiving process. For the reverse approach, the data can be resend back to the sender for the next cycle where the program randomly select one-of nearest agent for transmitting the data. While in non-reversing approach, the data cannot retransmit back to the sender in the previous cycle; this approach may increase the system performance and efficiency